Planning for Resilient Community:

Rural Tourism and Home Sharing

in Port St. Joe

Our project explored the disaster relief function of the home-sharing accommodation sector for communities. In March, we conducted surveys among 169 residents in Gulf County, Florida. From the survey we obtained a group of factors that impact residents’ willingness to engage in the practice of disaster relief. First, incentives can largely enhance hosts’ willingness to leverage their properties for crisis recovery. Second, people who have engaged in the sharing economy as guests are more prone to share their resources for disaster relief. Third, the level of vulnerability of a place can positively stimulate residents to share their homes with people in need. Finally, good governance and a financially beneficial shared market presents an encouraging environment for people to share their resources during crises. Based on the results from the survey, we adopted a suitability model to identify the most suitable

locations in Gulf County for home-sharing during disaster relief. With an important assumption, that a suitable place should be a place where homeowners are willing to share their properties, a suitability map was created to assess the level of suitability of all parcels in the county. The level of attractiveness of the parcel to develop a home-sharing business and level of vulnerability were two major aspects that were considered when scoring the locations. We recommend designing a system based on incentives to encourage homeowners to register their vacant properties as temporary shelters ahead of any crisis and ensure that it is able to be open and accessible for hurricane evacuees in times of crisis. It is also suggested to implement screening for architectural safety before registering a home-sharing property for crisis recovery purposes.

Based on the research design, four research questions and pertinent hypotheses were raised as below.

• Can incentives impact residents’ willingness to share their properties for disaster relief?

• Can residents’ perceived development of the home-sharing economy impact residents’ level of agreement with using private properties for disaster relief?

• Can residents’ perceived community resilience impact their level of agreement to use private properties for disaster relief?

• Can residents’ perception of community policy impact their willingness to share their property for disaster relief?

Rurality has a unique level of attractiveness that differs from urbanity. Activities like ecotourism, outdoor recreation, and water-based recreation have been drawing a growing number of visitors to rural areas. Port St. Joe is a typical rural destination that possesses rich tourism and recreational resources. However, the community is experiencing an unprecedented level of economic hardship. Developing tourism has become one of the key strategies for Port St. Joe and the surrounding areas.

Leveraging tourism resources in a sustainable way requires policymakers’ wisdom to make appropriate restructuring policies. A well-supported tourism economy cannot live without a healthy hospitality sector, which requires suitable lodging facilities and accommodation services. The hospitality and accommodation industry can be a major source of investment, job opportunities, and income for local communities. For travelers, the accommodation can become a unique place to interact with the locals, build relationships with the community, and contribute financially to the community. However, rural communities are usually not the first choice for corporate hotel investors. Consequently, the provision of tourist accommodation and facilities in rural areas is largely up to the locals.

Home-sharing is a typical type of community-based hospitality business. Developing home-sharing has become an alternative to large-scale accommodations in rural areas. The home-sharing industry can not only activate unused real estate and idle labors but also enables alternative ways for people to meet their housing needs. In addition, home-sharing is rooted in community assets. It can encourage private investment, cultivate local entrepreneurship, and accommodate travelers even in times of disruptions. More importantly, it provides local families a chance to bring their home and maybe also homemade products to the marketplace.

The purpose of this study was two-fold: First, explore the opportunities and challenges to employ home-sharing for disaster relief in Port St. Joe. Second, identify the determinants that have influenced the use of home-sharing economy for disaster relief and create a spatial planning document for home-sharing in Port St. Joe and Gulf County.

Step 1, survey residents’ perception of home-sharing, community resilience, disaster response, and relevant policies so as to explore the likelihood of using home-sharing for disaster relief. In January and March of 2020, the team made two trips to Port St. Joe to conduct the survey and interviews.

Step 2, identify the resilience-related factors that have significant impacts on home-sharing development and community crisis recovery. Using census data and real home-sharing accommodation dataset, we evaluated the current geographical distribution of the current home-sharing properties, and made spatial planning suggestions for home-sharing accommodations in Gulf County.

The next step was to optimize the proposed framework by including resilience-related factors from an engineering perspective and test it under different scenarios.

We reviewed how to match vacant housing with hurricane displacement with over 1,000 home-sharing properties in PSJ & bay area. A total of 169 people responded to a questionnaire which gauged willingness to rent out homes for disaster relief. From this project, we proposed a model to integrate home-sharing accommodations into a community resilience system. By conducting fieldwork and interviews among stakeholders, the primary research was joined with a statistical modeling to establish a framework to assess the suitability of locations for home-sharing during disaster relief.

Willingness to rent out homes for disaster relief increased with an incentive

Future studies can further explore the interaction between the sharing economy and community/destination resilience. The sharing economy may contribute to destination resilience in a broader extend.

TEAM

Lori Pennington-Gray, Professor, Department of Tourism, Hospitality & Event Management; Director, Eric Friedheim Tourism Institute, Penngray@hhp.ufl.edu

Yu-Hua Xu, Doctoral Student, Dept. of Tourism, Hospitality and Event Management, yuhua.xu@ufl.edu

Zi-Ming Li, Research Fellow, Shimberg Center for Housing Studies, liziming@ufl.edu

Anne Ray, Florida Housing Data Clearinghouse (FHDC) Manager, Shimberg Center for Housing Studies, aray@ufl.edu

Community Partners: David Ashbrook, Mayor Pro-Tem, City of Port St. Joe; Cassie Studstill, Realtor, Port St. Joe; Joe Whitmer, Executive Director, Gulf County Chamber of Commerce; Chester Davis, President, North Port St. Joe Project Area Coalition

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